About Journal

A Scientific and Evaluated Journal Published by the College of Engineering – University of Diyala Date of First Issue (2008) No. of Issues per Year (2) (mid-year journal)until 2013 they became (4)per year (seasonal journal) No.of Issues Published between (2008–2013) 13 Journal publishes research in Arabic and English specialized in all fields of engineering.
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Journal Information

Publisher: Diyala University

Email:  engineering_college@diyengineering.net

Editor-in-chief: Dr. Amer Mohammed Ibrahim

ISSN: 1999-8716

Influence of Concrete Strength on the Cycle Performance of Composite Steel Plate Shear Walls

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 1-7

The goal behind this research is to highlight on structural system using composite steel plate shear wall, this approach is widely used in many countries, due to its desired features. Composite steel plate shear wall are often considered essential in design of building to resist seismic action. This paper discuss the effect of concrete strength on behavior of CSPW, for this objective one story one bay model with different compressive strength (25, 28 , 45, 50, 55, 65)MPa ,this model formed by finite element code which is advanced by university of Amirkabir. The accuracy of the representation of the model by numerical analysis, numerical result contrast with valid experiment which explain suitable agreement. Result show increasing the compressive strength would advance the cycle behavior. By contrast the result in elastic region, it was seen initial stiffness is not enhance by varying the compressive strength.

Eliminating the Shrinkage of High Strength Concrete by using Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 8-13

High Strength Concrete (HSC) is one of the most popular types of concrete used in the world. This type of concrete has a low rapid hydration of cementation materials with low w/cm and the external surrounding environment condition exposed the HSC to high autogenous shrinkage. If this shrinkage is not treated well that well led to cracking, in this case HSC need to convenient curing necessary at the earliest time. This study presents the use of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) as internal curing agent to eliminate shrinkage. Two types of shrinkage are tested in this study (Autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage).
Two groups of concrete mixes(A and B) are studied in this study each group have five types of concrete mixes, four mixes with high and ultra-high compressive strength (RPC, MRPC, HSC and SCC) and the last one with normal compressive strength (NSC). Group A represent concrete mixes without SAP addition and group B for concrete mixes with SAP. SAP was added for all mixes at 0.3% by weight of cement and adding 20ml water for each gram of SAP, specimens with dimensions (40*40*160) mm were used for testing shrinkage for each mix with and without SAP, average values for two specimens was taken as a results. It was found that concrete mixes of group B have lower shrinkage than the shrinkage of concrete mixes in group A at 28 days age with reduction of autogenous shrinkage(AS) of (57%, 35%, 37%, 44.5% and 37.5%) respectively and for drying shrinkage the percentage of reduction was (89.5%, 72%, 82%, 70% and 71%) respectively, addition of SAP to concrete mixes proves to have active effect in reducing the shrinkage of concrete.

Behavior of Cantilever Beams in R.C. Frames with Effect of Steel Fibers in Beam – Column Joint

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 14-19

This paper aims at investigating the behavior of cantilever beam in reinforced concrete frame modified by steel fibers. The study depends on adding steel fibers at the joint of beam column section to improves the ductility of the beam – column joint. Steel fibers of ratio (0.5%) and (1%) steel fibers by volume added for two specimens comparing with two others cast without steel fibers joint in R.C. frame. The cantilever frame behavior at applied load will be discussed in this study. The load applied to the frame at the edge of cantilever arms. The test results showed that the difference between the monolithic frame is larger in ultimate loads compared with non-monolithic, and the frame with 1% steel fibers have large load capacity compared with 0.5% steel fibers frame. The frame which cast monolithically shows highest resistance among the three other frames in ultimate load and flexural deformation, after load was applied to the four specimens the behavior of the frame up to the failure occurred in the beam-column joint at exterior face of the cantilever. beside studying the effect of steel fibers percentage and behavior of beam column joint, this study focuses also on investigating the difference between monolithic and non-monolithic concrete elements.

Study of Using Weighting Property Index for Selecting the Best Maintenance Management System (MMS) at Power Plants

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 20-27

To make Power Plants (PPs) economical, the maintenance functions should be optimized by carefully selecting and planning the Maintenance Management System (MMS) that will address the maintenance needs of the plant at the least cost. This research was carried out to obtain a clear understanding of the Traditional method and to assess their suitability to selection the management system of maintenance in power plants in Iraq. The objective of the study was to select the most suitable MMS for Maintenance of Electric Power Plants (MEPP) to make the plants operate economically. The traditional method called Weighting Property Index (WPI) used for selecting MMS for MEPP. This method, which is based on weighting property method (WPM) uses a digital logic (DL) due to, makes the result more accurate because it eliminates the problem of the criteria have least important. The research showed, when applied the method (WPI), the results was indicate that the preventive maintenance, is one of the types of planned maintenance, and is the best strategy for MMS in implementation the works (MEPP) in Iraq, where was arranging the alternatives generally according to results which was obtained from the method (WPI) as follows; preventive maintenance is (6.67), predictive maintenance is (6.07), proactive maintenance is (5.89), run to failure is (5.5), and unplanned failure is (5.33). For further research can be used operational KPIs with maintenance KPIs and use of another alternative is design out maintenance with other alternatives.

Simulation of Turbulent Heat Transfer Augmentation with Hybrid Nanofluid

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 28-34

Study of heat transfer augmentation with hybrid nanofluid represents a new class of heat transfer augmentation. The CFD model by using commercial software depending on finite volume technique and adopting SIMPLE algorithm is performed. Mixture of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles into water as a basefluid is classified as a new class of hybrid nanofluids that can augment heat transfer. The nanofluid volume fraction and Reynolds number are in the range of (1% to 4%) and (5000 to 17000) respectively. The size diameter of nanoparticles and heat flux around a horizontal straight tube are fixed at 30 nm and 5000 w/m2 respectively. The numerical solution has been successfully validated by using an experimental data available in the literature. Results show that combination of AlN - Al2O3 nanoparticles into water basefluid tends to augment significant heat transfer performance.

A System Dynamics Simulation to Estimate Roundabout Entry Capacity by Adopting Three Different Methods

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 35-45

Many models were introduced to estimate the roundabout entry capacity from 1980s until now. In the United States, transportation agencies adopted three different models from 1994 until 2010. The Austroads, the UK, and the HCM 2010 methods. In this paper, these three methods were used to analyze the field traffic data of Al-Quds roundabout, located near Baqubah City, simultaneously by utilizing a system dynamics model. The collected data included turning movements, circulating flows, and field calculated entry capacities whenever possible during the observation period which lasted for 14 consecutive hours. A comparison is then conducted on the resulting entry capacities and their variation over time. The results showed that the calculated capacity according to Austroads method is the highest at all times while the UK method was always a little lower and the HCM 2010 method was always the least on all entries. The UK method capacity estimates were the closest to the field measured capacities for they returned the least RMSE on all entries. Field capacities showed some tendency towards the Austroads results in the north and south bound entries which carry about 66% of the total traffic. While, field capacities showed more proximity towards the HCM capacity results in the east and the west bound entries which carry 34% of the total traffic.

Impact and Post Impact Behavior of Hybrid Composites

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 46-52

In this study, the effect of low velocity impact response of Kevlar/carbon hybrid composite has been investigated. Then the impacted specimens were subjected to compression and buckling tests at room temperature experimentally. The height, width and thickness of the specimens are 150, 100 and 2.1 mm, respectively. Impact tests have been performed under different impact energy levels by using low velocity impact testing machine. Compression and buckling tests were conducted by Shimadzu testing machine. According to obtained results, the damage increases by increasing the impact energy level in the subjected specimens to impact test. Compression strength value is higher about 3 times than buckling strength value.

The Effect of Irrgation Water Quality of Furrow Irrgation System on The Soil Properties in ABU Gharib District

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 53-59

a field experiment was conducted at the soil research department station (Agricultural Research Office), located in Abu Ghraib district (20 kilometers west of Baghdad) during the spring season for year (2016) to study the effect of irrigation water quality of furrow irrigation system on chemical and physical properties of the Soil.
The field study carried out by using three types of saline irrigation water: (tap water) with (0.6 ds/m), two wells water with (3.0 ds/m) and (5.1 ds/m), and the alternating irrigation method through the continuation of irrigation to the end of the agricultural season using one irrigate of tap water followed by one irrigate of water well with (5.1 ds/m). The results showed increasing of EC_S and SAR values if salinity water used as (〖S_2> S〗_3 〖> S〗_1), respectively for the depths (20-30, and 30-45cm) more than the depths (0-10, and 10-20 cm) and decreasing of EC_S and SAR values at the depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) when the tap water (〖 S〗_0) is used. Also, increasing of the physical properties of the soil when the irrigation used by tap water (S_0), and, decreasing of the physical properties of the soil when the irrigation used by water salinity (〖S_2> S〗_3 〖> S〗_1), respectively, at the depth (15-30) more than the depth (0-15 cm).

Experimental Stress Analysis for Woven Carbon, Glass, and Kevlar Laminate Shells

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 60-66

Composite shell structures have many applications in aerospace industry in which deal with various loading abundantly. In present paper Strain gauge instrument with rectangular rosette strain gauges were used to detect the maximum stress and strain distributions along the shell composite structure. Also a finite element analysis was done for validation of experimental results. The FEM software used was ANSYS14. Impact test, density measurement, and bending test were performed in order to detect physical and mechanical properties such as toughness, principal stresses, and density, of the three laminated composite shells. In addition, the results between experimental and ANSYS were compared. It was observed that an important discrepancy is found between theoretical and experimental results. It was also found a large difference in modulus of elasticity, toughness, and tensile strength for each composite material. These differences are tabulated in many tables in the last paper.

Hydrologic Modeling for Sedimentation in Hemrin Reservoir Using HEC-HMS

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 67-72

Hemrin dam is an important dam in Iraq located on Diyala river which is considered as main tributary of Tigris. The sedimentation is very difficult problem and is considered the major problem affecting the utilization of the dam. HEC-HMS 4.1 software was used to made a simulation for sedimentation in Hemrin reservoir in order to estimate the amount of sediment entering and deposition in the reservoir for the period (1981-2014). The calibration processes were performed using field measurement data for flow of water from Diyala river, the result obtained from simulation process found that the average annual sediment discharge load to Hemrin reservoir is ( 3.43x〖10〗^6 Ton), while the average annual sediment deposited is (3.25x〖10〗^6 Ton).

Study the Effect of Ingate Area on Mechanical Properties of As Cast (AL-0.4%Cu) Using ANN

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 73-77

In the present work the effect of Ingate Area on the Mechanical properties (σmax, σyield, E and hardness, stiffness) of as cast Al-4%Cu alloy had been studied, molds were made by sand casting with different ingate area (1cm×1cm, 1.2cm×1.2cm, 1.4cm×1.4cm, 1.6cm×1.6cm, 1.8cm×1.8cm, 2cm×2cm, 2.2cm×2.2cm, 2.4cm×2.4cm and 2.6cm×2.6cm). The process was done in normal condition (T=25Cᵒ, dry sand, constant speed, constant pour distance), while the casts prepared for the testing as a work piece to get the results. Also, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) had been adopted to predict the values of outputs (mechanical properties) and getting the mathematical equations that describe the relations between input and outputs parameters. From the results of the proposed work it conclude that mechanical properties magnitudes had been increased due to increasing in ingate area cast, and the relations between the ingate area and mechanical properties) had been detected depending on the results that gotten from ANN.

Turbulent Premixed Combustion in SI Engine

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 78-85

The turbulent lean premixed combustion simulation is implemented in 4- stroke spark ignition (SI) engine. The Turbulent Flame speed Closure model (TFC) is used in different turbulent flow conditions. The model is tested for a variety of flame configurations such as turbulent flame speed, the heat release from the combustion and turbulent kinetic energy in the radial direction of the cylinder at 15.5 mm below the top dead center TDC point. The simulation performs in the three cases of the (intake / exhaust) valve timing. The exhaust valve case is an essential leverage on the turbulent flame specification. The combustion period is very important factor in SI engine which is controlled especially by the turbulent flame speed. The turbulent flame speed and heat transfer is ascendant less than 10 % and 3% in case of intake and exhaust valves are closed respectively. Moreover, the results show that the brake power enhances less than 4% and more than 40% with increase fuel temperature 60 K and engine speed 3000 rpm respectively.

The Reduction of thermal environment effect by using portable secondary window

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 1-18

The Environmental heat which transform to building inside through window glass is very large ( due to the large value of glass heat transfer coefficient ) .Therefore an auxiliary window made from simple aluminum frame and consisted from three layers of polycarbonate solid transparence insulation sheet is suggested .This window can be joined to the building window at inside or outside according to building design requirement .This study was carried out at Baghdad climate zone (32.2N0) through summer season (may to September ) 2015 .
The test results showed that , using secondary window will reduce the electrical energy consumption used for cooling by ( 8 – 28.5)% according to glass types .
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EFFECT OF GLASS ADDITION AND HEAT TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND WEAR RATE OF ALUMINUM - 2% GRAPHITE

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 33-41

This research studied the effect of the Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and the Wear Rate of the pure Aluminum with a particle size of (≤53μm). The Aluminum is reinforced by graphite with a particle size of (≤63μm) with an addition of glass particles with different weight ratios of (3, 6, 9, and 12) Wt. % and a particle size was (≤ 53μm).
Powder metallurgy technique has been used to manufactured the samples, where the samples are pressed uniaxial at room temperature with (500 Map), then sintering at (550 C0) for (2 hr.). After that, heat treatment is applied on the samples at (500 OC) for one hour and Quenched in water.
There was a great improvement of the mechanical properties such as the hardens and the compressive strength. This improvement was proportional with the Weight ratio of the glass particles before and after the Heat Treatment.
On the other hand, there was a decrease of the wear rate versus the increase of the Weight ratio of the glass particles and heat treatment.
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The impact of the organizational problems facing the transport network on the urban growth of Baqubah city

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 115-129

Transport is the most important factor affecting the development of the internal structure of the city. The problem of research is that the increase in the number of cars and especially the lack of reliance on public transport has led to a great momentum on the capacity of the transport network in the city. Offset by the lack of development, expansion and modification of the transport network of the city affects the quality of urban housing of the city as well as economic and social conditions and security conditions led to the imposition of security checkpoints and the closure of many of the streets, crowding the transport network and its impact on the urban development of the city. The objective of the research is to study the historical stages affecting the composition of the transport network and the effect of the geographic factors of Baquba city and its relationship with other cities in terms of the external transport network of passengers and goods. The approach we will adopt in the research is to develop the basic plans of the city which include appropriate solutions for the internal and external transport network of the city and apply it on the ground and not allow random transgressions by enacting laws that limit this overflow and finding appropriate solutions to the phenomenon of population displacement to the city and residential violations on the basic plans of the city and its impact on urban growth..

EFFECT OF INCREASING RIDE HEIGHT ON THE GENERATED AERO-DYNAMICAL FORCES

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 144-154

In this study, the changing in ride height of the car, which is usually arbitrarily been made, has been investigated. Many reasons could be achieved when ride has been increased, but without consideration of the undesired outcomes such as the related aero-dynamical forces effect. In this study, wind tunnel with fixed sedan car model was used. The model was easily allowed changing of the ride height. A range of velocities had been used as well. The General Full Factorial Method and Analysis of Variance were the convenient analytical tools in this study. The results showed that the drag force increased when ride height increased, especially, at the fronted point (stagnation point) which might increase fuel consumption and related pollution..

Theoretical analysis of surface roughness effect on hydrodynamic performance for bearings type 5220

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 19-32

In this research, we studied the effect of surface roughness for bearings of inner ring and cylindrical rotor type 5220, on the hydrodynamic lubrication in performance convergence area by analyzing the effect of surface roughness on the oil film thickness around the bearing, then influence on generated pressure by rotating shaft. Matlab. R2013b program with finite differences method of five nodes grid used to solve Reynolds equation numerically. the results appear that when the roughness of bearing surfaces is 18.2 µm (high finishing surfaces bearings), this will be decreasing 49% from the oil film thickness between surfaces, which cause increasing total pressure from (65.74 M. Pas.) (in rough surfaces) to (748.3 M. Pas.) which enhancing the ability of bearing to rising load of rotor shaft in the limited speed reach to (18.78 K.N.).

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EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BRASS ALLOY TYPE C38500

Zuhal A. Kabash

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2015, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 16-26

The effect of annealing process on microstructure and mechanical properties of brass C38500 according to UNS was studied. The test samples were heated to (450, 500, 550 and 600) °C for 1 hour and in a furnace. The samples were cooled gradually to the room temperature.
The microstructural change during annealing was studied by using optical microscope and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and torsionl test were also studied.
From the obtained results it was observed that annealing has a little effect on the microstructure and it reduces the mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, hardness) as a result of elimination of the brittle phase or internal stress in microstructure, but it improves the torsional strength and increases the number of twisting angle it is also found that the annealing at (600)οC gives the best torsion test.

Influence of Concrete Strength on the Cycle Performance of Composite Steel Plate Shear Walls

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 1-7

The goal behind this research is to highlight on structural system using composite steel plate shear wall, this approach is widely used in many countries, due to its desired features. Composite steel plate shear wall are often considered essential in design of building to resist seismic action. This paper discuss the effect of concrete strength on behavior of CSPW, for this objective one story one bay model with different compressive strength (25, 28 , 45, 50, 55, 65)MPa ,this model formed by finite element code which is advanced by university of Amirkabir. The accuracy of the representation of the model by numerical analysis, numerical result contrast with valid experiment which explain suitable agreement. Result show increasing the compressive strength would advance the cycle behavior. By contrast the result in elastic region, it was seen initial stiffness is not enhance by varying the compressive strength.

PROPERTIES OF SUSTAINABLE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH FIBERS

Wasan Ismail Khalil; Zainab Mohammed Ali Hussein; Hisham Khalid Ahmed

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 1-13

يهدف هذا البحث الى انتاج خرسانة الركام خفيف الوزن عالية الاداء والمستدامة تحتوي على مكسر الطابوق الطيني المعاد تدويره من مخلفات البناء كركام خشن خفيف الوزن ومسلحة بالالياف الاحادية والهجينة المزدوجة والثلاثية بانواع ونسب باعية مختلفة. تم تحضير خرسانة عالية الاداء من مكسر الطابوق الطيني الخفيف الوزن بمقاومة انضغاط 41.2 نيوتنمم2 و كثافة جافة 1930 كغمم3 بعمر 28 يوم. الالياف المستخدمة تتضمن, الياف فولاذية معقوفة النهاية بنسبة باعية 60 (نوع S1 ), الياف بلاستك بنسبة باعية63, الياف فولاذية دقيقة معقوفة النهاية بنسبة باعية65 (نوع S ), والياف البولي بروبلين الدقيقة بنسبة باعية667. تم اعداد ست خلطات خرسانية تتضمن على, الخلطة المرجعية بدون الياف , خلطتان مسلحة بنوع واحد من الالياف (الالياف الفولاذية نوع S1 أو الياف البلاستك وبنسبة حجمية (0.75%, اثنان من الخلطات المسلحة بالالياف الهجينة المزدوجة ( الالياف الفولاذية نوع S 0.5%+ الياف بولي بروبلين0.25% وخلطة الياف البلاستك 0.5% + الالياف الفولاذية نوع S 0.25 %) والخلطة الخرسانية الهجينة ثلاثية الالياف (0.25 % ( الياف فولاذية نوع S1 +الياف البولي بروبلين + الياف فولاذية نوع S). تم دراسة الخواص الطرية للخرسانة (قابلية التشغيل والكثافة الطرية ) وخواص الخرسانة المتصلبة (الكثافة الجافة, مقاومة الانضغاط, مقاومة شد الانثناء, مقاومة الشد الانشطاري و الامتصاص للماء ). بصورة فان نماذج الخرسانة العالية الاداء الخفيفة الوزن والمسلحة بالالياف الاحادية والهجينة (الثنائية والثلاثية ) أظهرت زيادة مهمة في مقاومة الشد الانشطاري مقاومة شد الانثناء مقارنة بالنماذج الخرسانية المرجعية (بدون الالياف). ان نسب الزيادة في مقاومة الشد الانشطاري للنماذج المسلحة بالالياف الفولاذية الاحادية هي 55.8%, 65.9,%, 82% و 91.9%, بينما نسب الزيادة للنماذج المسلحة بالالياف البلاستكية الاحادية هي 34%, 45.5%, 61.5% و71.2% للاعمار 7, 28, 60 و 90 يوماً على التوالي بالمقارنة مع النماذج غيرالمسلحة بالالياف. ان اعلى مقاومة شد انشطاري و ومقاومة شد انثناء سُجلت للنماذج المسلحة بالالياف الهجينة ثلاثية الالياف. ان نسب الزيادة لمقاومة الشد الانشطاري للنماذج المسلحة بالالياف الهجينة ثلاثية الالياف هي 57.2%, 68.6 %, 87.5%, 101.8%, بينما نسب الزيادة لمقاومة شد انثناء هي 48 %, 59.6 %, 66.9%, 70.7%, للاعمار 7, 28, 60 و 90 يوماً على التوالي بالمقارنة مع النماذج غيرالمسلحة بالالياف.

STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE DIYALA CITY PROJECTS USING THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA COMPLEX PROPORTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES WITH GREY RELATIONS (COPRAS-G)

Hafeth I. Naji

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2014, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 1-24

The construction sector the main driver of the national economy on the other hand is facing this sector stumbled in his performance and the advantage of the merger of several problems at the same time due to the complex nature and uncertain environment of the project and the multiplicity of factors that lead to the occurrence of a time delay in implementation and high cost of the project, and to address this challenges requires the project management methods in this area and the potential of a smart and distinctive in making the right decisions. The method of multiple criteria complex proportional assessment of alternatives with Grey relations (COPRAS-G) is one of those methods. This research focuses on providing (COPRAS-G) technique helps to make the best decisions when setting up the project, which encountered problems are complex and multi-criteria (MCDM). And apply this technique on a variety of areas as it allows the comprehensive study and non-biased criteria and alternatives. This research aims to highlight the importance of structural performance, and how it can be employed technical grounds (COPRAS-G) in assessing the structural performance of the Diyala City projects, through the identification of the criteria used to select the best project in terms of structural performance, and also to identify a list of projects the main province in order to choose the project optimization of this area. For the purpose of achieving the objective of research, has been collecting its own data from the literature that dealt with a multiple criteria complex proportional assessment of alternatives with Grey relations and, structural performance, and finally personal interviews of qualified designers and implementers of these projects. The results of data analysis for the sample showed that standards of cost, time, and quality is the most important criteria for bilateral comparisons between projects, and that the standard cost is more important than the rest of the criteria in the projects. Finally, and by calculating the relative importance of the projects and priorities of the alternatives and the utility degree have, we find that plant project streams Baquba has received the largest share of the benefit and importance compared with other projects.
In the end, was a set of conclusions and recommendations of the various aspects of the topic from, accelerate the application of techniques of decision-making multi-criteria in the evaluation of projects in addition to expediting the application of the proposed systems for Structural Performance by researchers to help corporate managers that the decision-making efficient, which will lead to a process control and more effective control on the construction project.

EFFECT OF ACETIC ACID ON THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF GYPSIFEROUS SOIL

Safa Hussain Abid Awn

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2010, Volume 3, Issue 0, Pages 286-298

ABSTRACT:- Gypseous soils contains either Sodium or Calcium salts, which may be considered the most problematic material for foundation engineer. It is associated with settlement problem especially for heavy and hydraulic structures with the presence of water. The risk begins from the first period of wetting or soaking these soils from any source: (rainfall, rising of water table or from any reason). The water will fluctuate or infiltrate through the soil particles and dissolve gypsum particles that fill the voids in the soil. The soil particles will roll and slide and arrange at new positions, because of the disintegration of the soil skeleton and the loosening of soil with the continuous dissolution of gypsum, which translate the soil from solid to semi solid media, with time.
The dissolution of gypsum depends on many factors (gypsum content, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and other factors). Another important factor which is the acidity of the dissolves liquid must be considered. This study shades the lights on the effect of Acetic acid (CH3COOH) on the collapsibility of gypseous soil.
A laboratory model includes 350mm diameter and 400mm height thick plastic container and 18.4kN/m3 density gypsiferous soil prepared locally and compacted in three layers, with70%gypsum content. The stress fixed at 47kPa was applied over 50mm diameter circular footing. The relation between the soaking time and the deformation ratio (settlement/width of footing S/B%) was investigated, with 5 cycles of soaking by the Acetic acid.
The results of laboratory model tests show a pronounce effect of the acidity on the collapsibility of gypsiferous soil. The results of deformation ratio S/B% was (1.22, 8, 12, 15.7, 50%) at the end of (1,2,3,4,5) prewetted cycles by CH3COOH acid, respectively. So the effect of Acetic Acid percent was considerably accelerating the collapsibility of gypsiferous soil with cycling technique.
Keywords:- gypsiferous soil, compressibility.

ZIG-ZAG GROUNDING TRANSFORMER MODELING FOR ZERO-SEQUNCE IMPEDANCE CALCULATION USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Kassim Rasheed Hameed

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2015, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 63-87

The grounding transformer is one of most important equipment in power energy system. This paper describes the modeling of zig-zag grounding transformer wound core type with varying degrees of complexity. In this paper, the Finite Element model (FEM) of zig-zag grounding transformer with non-linear magnetic characteristic for iron core is built using ANSYS software electromagnetic package. A numerical method, based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA), is presented for computing the zero-sequence impedance of grounding transformer. The analysis method is based on the two dimensions (2D) model and this model was solved by using the magnetic vector potential formulation (A).The main purpose of this paper is performing the modeling of the three-phase zig-zag grounding "wound core" transformer in 2D FEM for any capacity of transformer (100KVA- 1000KVA) and the Finite Element techniques are used for the magnetic field analysis to evaluate the magnetic field and to determine their distribution at any region inside the core window and winding.
Two types of analyses were performed, including static and transient analysis. The transient analysis in this work is simulated by direct coupling the 2D transformer model with external circuit (voltage sources) .The simulation results prove the analysis' correctness and validity, and the result of zero-sequence impedance of grounding transformer is verified by comparison with experimental result. Those measured in the Diyala transformer factory once the grounding transformer has been built. A good agreement of the computational results with experimental result by using this FEM model of zig-zag grounding transformer allowing us to know the transformer behavior before manufacturing them and, thus reducing the design time and cost.

THE CONSEQUENCES OF POOR QUALITY ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT SUCCESS OF BUILDING PROJECTS

Samiaah M. Hassen Al-Tmeemy; Wadhah amer Hatem

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2015, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 172-182

The occurrence of building failure and collapse has become a major issue of concern in construction building projects as the magnitudes of this incident are becoming very alarming. This paper therefore aims to investigate the contractors’ viewpoint on the consequences of poor quality in building projects in terms of non-conformance to requirement, cost overruns, and delays. Quantitative method is adopted to collect data from G6 and G7 building contractors within Kuala Lumpur using questionnaire surveys. The study indicated that the cost overrun is the most frequent consequence of quality failure. The findings of this study provide financial justification for all quality improvement efforts.

The impact of the organizational problems facing the transport network on the urban growth of Baqubah city

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 115-129

Transport is the most important factor affecting the development of the internal structure of the city. The problem of research is that the increase in the number of cars and especially the lack of reliance on public transport has led to a great momentum on the capacity of the transport network in the city. Offset by the lack of development, expansion and modification of the transport network of the city affects the quality of urban housing of the city as well as economic and social conditions and security conditions led to the imposition of security checkpoints and the closure of many of the streets, crowding the transport network and its impact on the urban development of the city. The objective of the research is to study the historical stages affecting the composition of the transport network and the effect of the geographic factors of Baquba city and its relationship with other cities in terms of the external transport network of passengers and goods. The approach we will adopt in the research is to develop the basic plans of the city which include appropriate solutions for the internal and external transport network of the city and apply it on the ground and not allow random transgressions by enacting laws that limit this overflow and finding appropriate solutions to the phenomenon of population displacement to the city and residential violations on the basic plans of the city and its impact on urban growth..

EFFECT OF LIGHTWEIGHT COARSE AGGREGATE FROM CLAYSTONE AND THERMOSTNE ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

Muyasser M. J; Algubory Emad K. A

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 1-17

ان من اصناف الخرسانة المعتمدة عالمياﹰ هي الخرسانة الخفيفة والتي تصنف حسب توفر موادها الأولية والغرض من استخدامها انشائياﹰ، اختصت هذه الدراسة باستبدال الركام الخشن الاعتيادي بالركام الخشن الخفيف من الصخور الطينية (بونزا) وركام مخلفات الثرمستون وبنسب حجمية (25، 50، 75، 100) % إضافة لأعداد خلطة مرجعية. لغرض تحديد ودراسة المواصفات المهمة للخرسانة الجديدة تم اعداد نماذج مكعبات واسطوانات ومواشير قياسية لتقييم مقاومة الانضغاط والشد غير المباشر ومعاير الكسر ومعامل المرونة الساكن وكذلك وحدة الوزن والامتصاص والتوصيلية الحرارية ، حيث اعتمد معدل القراءات لكل الفحوصات. أشارت نتائج الفحوصات الى انخفاض الخواص الميكانيكية للخرسانة بزيادة الركام الخشن الخفيف ،حيث سجلت معدلات قيم الخواص الميكانيكية كل من : مقاومة الانضغاط ومعاير الكسر ومقاومة شد الانشطار غير المباشر بين (15.5-40.2) نتملم2 ،(3-4.85) نتملم2 ،(1.3-4.5) نتملم2 مقارنة بالخلطة المرجعية (42.25 نتملم2)، (5 نتملم2(،( 4.77 نتملم2) على التوالي، وتراوحت معدلات معامل المرونة الساكن والكثافة الجافة بالفرن والامتصاص والتوصيلية الحرارية بين (16630-27067) نتملم2 ،(1400.5-2122.96) كغمم3 ،(4.58-11.8) % ،(0.414-1.022)) واطم. كيلو جول) مقارنة بالخلطة المرجعية (28152 نتملم2(،(2335.67 كغمم3) ،(1.78 %) ،(1.33 واطم. كيلو جول) على التوالي .

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF AN EARTH DAM

Jasim M. Abbas; Qasim A. Aljanabi; Zainab Ali Mutiny

DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 2017, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 106-117

The study of slope stability is important in the design and construction of the earth dams under influence of earthquake and some surcharge loads. Some factors affect the slope stability for the earth dam such as change the water level in the reservoir or rapid drawdown of the water level. In the present study, limit equilibrium methods and finite element method have been used to calculate the factor of safety of earth dam. The main objective is studying the influence the soil strength parameters including cohesion, angle of internal friction and unit weight of soil on the values of factor of safety of the upstream slope for earth dam. The results show that the values of factor of safety increase when the values of soil strength parameters (cohesion, angle of internal friction)and water level increased, and the value of unit weight of the soil decrease, and the values of factor of safety, decreasing fast in rapid draw down of the water level. The main conclusion is the stability of the earth dam increases when the soil strength parameters (cohesion, angle of internal friction) increase and unit weight of the soil decrease with increasing the water level in the reservoir and the earth dam may be exposed to the collapse in the case of the rapid drawdown of water level.

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